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History of the hand pump

16 February 2026 by
History of the hand pump
M+B Fluid Technology GmbH, Andreas Viereck

History of the Hand Pump

The hand pump is one of the oldest machines in human history. One of the earliest models, the so-called“Ctesibius Machine”, was developed in Bolsena near Rome and dates back to the time of the Roman Empire. The inventor of this machine wasLiberio Gallo, who was also the founder of the significant“Collegia Fibrorum”.

The ancient Ctesibius Machine is considered the oldest known hand pump in the world. Over the past 2000 years, engineers have continuously developed pump technology – aiming to achieve greater flow rates, higher suction heights, and increased delivery pressures.

Through improved material selection and construction, hand pumps have also become suitable for a variety of liquids, significantly enhancing their safety and versatility.

BINDA & Cois a traditional manufacturer of hand pumps and has been producinghigh-quality pumping systems since1919.

Piston Hand Pump

The piston hand pump operates with a reciprocating piston that draws in liquid and conveys it through a valve system. It is particularly suitable for pumping water, oils, and other non-aggressive liquids. Typical applications include well systems, agricultural uses, and mobile supply systems.

Double-acting Hand Wing Pump

This pump uses two counter-rotating blades (impellers) that pump in both directions of movement. This creates a consistent flow rate without interruption. Double-acting hand-operated impeller pumps are often used in shipping, industrial applications, and agriculture. They are robust, low-maintenance, and suitable for various media, including seawater, diesel, and light oils.

Crank Pump

The crank pump operates with a rotating mechanism, where a crank motion drives the liquid through connecting rods and pistons. It allows for a smooth, controlled flow and is frequently used for oils, fuels, and viscous media. Its robust design makes it ideal for workshops, machinery parks, and construction sites.

Siphon Pump

The siphon pump utilises the physical siphon effect to move liquids without a motor or piston mechanism. It is mainly used to transfer liquids from a higher level to a lower one. This type of pump is particularly simple, lightweight, and requires little maintenance – often used in emergencies or for temporary applications.

Diaphragm Hand Pump

The diaphragm hand pump operates with a flexible diaphragm that is moved up and down by hand. This creates a vacuum that draws liquid in and pushes it out through the outlet. It is suitable for a variety of media, including water, oils, chemicals, and contaminated liquids with solid particles. Typical applications include agriculture, construction, industry, and emergency pumping, as it can also handle viscous or abrasive liquids.

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